I saw this issue for the first time today.
I had connected to my laptop, from my Mac Pro, over my LAN. There was an external HD connected to the laptop via an eSATA cable, and I started copying files from that drive to a folder on the Mac Pro. In the middle of a copy operation, and while browsing other folders on the external HD, the Finder locked up with the SRoD (Spinning Rainbow of Death). A few minutes later, the laptop reported that the external HD had been "improperly ejected" (or some such wording), and the Mac Pro displayed the "server has stopped responding" dialog. My mistake was that I clicked "ignore" in that dialog, because I had already reconnected the external HD to the laptop. Well, the Finder continued to be hung, so I Force Quit (Relaunched) it. Problem was, it didn't Relaunch. So when I clicked on the inactive Finder icon in the Dock, I got the "...can't be opened. -10810" error.
So, I started searching on that error, and found this thread....
The next thing I did was to disconnect the external HD from the laptop. Within a few minutes, the Finder on the Mac Pro sprang back to life, and all has been fine ever since. This all happened about 12 hours ago.
So, my guess is that (in my case anyway) the Finder couldn't relaunch until the process that had locked up when the external HD disappeared from the network could gracefully quit. For some reason, that couldn't happen until the external HD was removed from the equation altogether.
I realize this may not seem like it relates at all to what some of you are experiencing, but I would make sure you explore the possibility that it might be linked to some device in your setup, networked or not, that has a less than stable connection to your computer...
Good luck everyone, and I'll report back if the dreaded message returns.