If the thermal pads were present and you did not remove them, and if you left the old thermal paste in place and did not clean it off and fail to put more on, then those factors alone would not keep the machine from booting up. Nor would the improper tightening of the assembly, which is an integral part of the cooling system, prevent it from starting up.
If you hear fans and your hard disk spinning, can operate the optical drive by ejecting it, but have no video, it must involve the display harness or damage to the board. Either something has not been properly reconnected, or electrostatic or physical damage has caused the logic board to fail. An interconnect issue seems more likely.
The thermal pad kit 076-0925 is used if these must be replaced, but your machine is old enough to have achieved vintage status, and replacements may be difficult to find, as would the 661-2589 replacement logic board itself, which ships from Apple with both a thermal pad kit and a tube of thermal paste.
Thermal pads are located on the bottom of the assembly against which the logic board is mounted. If you haven't removed the logic board from the base, then they are present and need not be replaced. If you have removed the board, you may find that they adhered to the board itself, rather than the case bottom. Thermal paste belongs at the end of the thermal pipe through which one of the assembly bolts passes. If you are replacing it, you should first carefully scrap off the old, hardened paste with a 'black stick' or similar tool, from both mating surfaces. You should not use liquid cleaner, abrasives or a sharp tool which might slip and damage adjacent portions of the logic board.
Although these assemblies are large and 'clunkly' by contrast with the electronic gear you've worked on, their design—including the integrated heat dissipation system, the short cable assemblies and tight space inside the base—make them a challenge to repair without tools, instructions and experience specifically with them.