Hi there from Spain,
I'm having the same issue on my MBPro 15 inch, about 1 year old. I'm running off WiFi and the only solution that works for me so far is to reboot.
This didn't happen before upgrading to 10.6.2 and maybe a few other updates. I remember an update which was about the airport card; unfortunately, I can't positively say that the problem began with that one. I can positively say that this didn't happen with Leopard, nor did it happen (or at least not enough to even register) with 10.6.0 and 10.6.1.
What I do know is that repeatedly deactivating and reactivating the AP interface sometimes gets it to work for a bit, but not enough to be useable. In that state, pinging the router, for instance, will return some echoes after 30 seconds! I had never seen anything like that. The router is a relatively new Cisco which works perfectly well for the rest of the devices, so can't be blamed. The interface as seen by ifconfig en1 would sometimes show as inactive, sometimes active but without IP.
A friend with a newer MBPro 15" complains about the same symptoms, on another network, and using cable. Therefore, it would seem that the issue is not tied to a specific network interface. Most odd.
I'd really love to see this solved, I'm pretty sure it's Apple's fault (i.e., not the router, etc). In the meantime, a workaround that doesn't require a reboot (which is a PITA for me) would be great. So far I haven't been able to find one, though. Next I'll try to fiddle with the firewall and as suggested go to preferences and disable/enable several bits.