but as the progress indicator went to about maybe 1/3 of the way
Progress indicator? Snow Leopard does not have the progress indicator anymore. Maybe the Safe Boot uses it, because it performs some maintenance. Let me try a Safe Boot (haven't done it since Snow Leopard)...
OK, the grayish Safe Mode progress bar must be for the maintenance it is doing when starting up in Safe Mode. So it stalls after that...
Did you try the Option key startup. Does that get you to Startup Manager? If so, insert your Mac OS X installation disc (for the currently installed system release) and it should appear as a startup option. Select it and attempt to continue the startup. If that works, that should get you to Installer's first screen. Go up to the menu bar and, under
Utilities, select to run Disk Utility. Select the internal drive in the sidebar, and go to the +First Aid+ tab. Use +Repair Disk+. Don't use +Repair Disk Permissions+.