Some progress. Here's what I think is going on:
For the web page in question, the PDF and printed output use whatever "Standard font" is designated in Safari's Preferences (see "Appearance" tab). The default "Standard font" (i.e., the one that was specified when Safari was originally installed) is "Times 16," so the web page I was having difficulty with prints as Times. Change the "Standard font" preference in Safari to "Herculanum 16" and the page prints in Herculanum.
I think that other web pages (this Apple support page, for instance) prints in whatever font is on screen (i.e., WYSIWYG). Acrobat indicates that the fonts used in printing this page are LucidaGrande and Verdana. I'm guessing that Apple's web page designer specified that this page should use those two fonts specifically in the html code (I'm not a web developer).
The developer/web page designer that created the web page that's giving me problems likely omitted any specification of a font to be used, so Safari just defaults to the "Standard font."
The odd part (to me anyway) is that the on-screen display is in one font, but the printed output of the same page is in another font. Seems to me that if a web designer omits a font specification for a particular page, then the page ought to use the SAME "Standard font" for on-screen display and printed output.
Can anyone confirm that I've got this right?
Can anyone explain why, in the absence of a font specification, Safari uses one font for on-screen display and the "Standard font" for printing (i.e., why are use two different fonts, one for on-screen display and another for printed output)?
Does anyone know how the on-screen display font gets "set" in Safari?