Hello Yury_Efremov,
Thanks for asking the Apple Support Communities for help with apps not working on your iPhone. I am happy to help.
Please start with the troubleshooting provided in this help article. I am aware you attempted some of the steps already. Please do them in the order as provided here: If an app unexpectedly quits, stops responding, or won’t open - Apple Support
If you still have issues and since this just started after installing the update, I recommend reinstalling the iOS using iTunes. The reason we need to use iTunes for this step is to get a new copy of iOS installed to your device. Please make a backup of your data prior to doing this step. You can make a backup in iCloud or iTunes using this article: How to back up your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch - Apple Support
Once your data is backed up, you can reinstall the iOS using this help article: If you can‘t update or restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support
Please pay close attention when you reach step 4. Once your iOS is reinstalled, test if the issue is still occurring. Thanks again and have a great rest of your day.