The Finder is simply showing folder and file sizes that the operating system automatically generates. This is not a user space feature you can refresh.
There are 6148 byte .DS_Store files in every folder (unless manually removed) and although these contribute to the actual folder size, they are invisible to the Finder and can throw off visual user size counts. If there are any other non-directory, hidden UNIX files in the folder, they too will contribute to the reported actual size while hiding from Finder.
The operating system allocates file storage in 4K (4096 byte) blocks. In a Get Info window, real size is first reported as the mathematical addition of the actual file sizes within the folder. The second parenthetical figure (e.g. 16K on disk) is the storage that has been allocated in 4K blocks, and will be a larger amount than real storage consumed.