I'm not 100% on why the two of you would be getting different sized files. I've got a couple of possible ideas. Examples of some of the ideas being possible setting differences. Like Sparkleberry (above) shows in their screenshot of Powerpoint's settings and changing the Print Quality. Other setting difference might be if there is a Quartz filter being applied to it (Dropdown Options for Quartz Filters Show up in some Save As Dialog Boxes). Side Note: I don't have Powerpoint so I can't check this myself, but if there is a Quartz filter option on the PowerPoint > Save As > Dialog box you could try selecting" Reduce File Size" before you save your file.
Another Idea I would have to ask if you've modified the PowerPoint file. Adding Images or the like. As it might be including those images in your PDF vs the Original Creators PDF and that could account for the flux in size. Though if you are just opening the Original then exporting it unmodified and this is happening then this idea is no good.
If your super interested in it, you could see if his or your computer are using different pdf processor, as they might have different compression methods, which effect the PDF Sizes. To do so open the PDF's in Preview and goto Tools (Found in the Menu Bar) > select Show Inspector. On the window that pops up goto General Info (The tab that looks like a Piece of Paper). There you should see the PDF Producer. My PDF Producer is: macOS Version 10.15 (Build ******) Quartz PDFContext.
Also as a side note you can reprocess the PDF's using a Quartz Filter if you wanted to reduce their file sizes. Though I get that this is extra work on your part, and I apologize for that. There are multiple ways to do this... One way is by opening the PDF in Preview (App). Then going to File (Menu Bar) > and selecting Save As... (Shows up when the [Option] modifier key on the keyboard is held down). On the dialog that appears Set "Format:" to "PDF" and the "Quartz Filter:" to "Reduce File Size" > Click Save. There you have it a PDF with a reduce file size. I do caution you to look at the PDF after reduction, as I've had some smaller details disappear in the compression. I think that it reduces all the images dpi's and possible flattens some vector image files. But again I'm not an expert and don't really know the magic behind it.
The last little bit is I will wish you the best in your journey to solve this, good luck!
Weston