Kernel panic on Mojave 10.14.5

I cannot find any information online about userland software triggering CATERR kernel panics, typically when people report such issues on other platforms it indicates hardware failure

You're correct. As far as I've ever seen, a Machine Check is an internal hardware problem. Use the Support site to find out where you can take it to have it evaluated and repaired.

Regular software (i.e. not a kernel extension) does not cause kernel panics of any kind. Kernel extensions can cause panics.

Diagnosing problems- crash, freeze, panic, or spinning beachball?

Understanding and Debugging Kernel Panics,

Don’t Panic! Understanding & Troubleshooting Kernel Panics in macOS

Dealing with Kernel Panics

Disconnect any third-party peripherals including any USB hubs. Use safe mode to isolate issues with your Mac - Apple Support then boot the computer into Safe Mode. See Diagnosing problems- crash, freeze, panic, or spinning beach ball?, Don’t Panic! Understanding & Troubleshooting Kernel Panics in macOS, and How to fix kernel panics after installing OS X updates | MacIssues.

Kernel panics are indicative of possible hardware failure, so you should Check your Mac with hardware diagnostics or AHT. Read the kernel panic log: Mac OS X- How to log a kernel panic.

If you have no success figuring what is happening then you may need to examine the software you have running when the panics occur. Be sure it’s all current. If you must to resolve the problem erase the disk and reinstall macOS. Follow this outline to reset the computer to the factory-new state:

How To Do A Factory Reset

Selection A should be used on computers that came with Lion or later when factory new. These models had no disks included when new. Selection B is for Macs that came originally with Snow Leopard or earlier. These models shipped with Software Restore disks when new.

A. Factory reset of your Mac - Apple Support

B. Factory Reset Your Pre-Lion Mac

Follow these instructions until you get to Step 5 of Factory reset of your Mac - Apple Support. At Step 5 you will need a Snow Leopard DVD or the installer disc that came with the computer.

1. 1. Boot the computer using the Snow Leopard Installer Disc or the Disc 1 that came with your computer.  Insert the disc into the optical drive and restart the computer. After the chime press and hold down the  "C" key.  Release the key when you see a small spinning gear appear below the dark gray Apple logo.
   2. After the installer loads select your language and click on the Continue button. When the menu bar appears select Disk Utility from the Utilities' menu. After Disk Utility loads select the hard drive entry from the left side list (out-dented entry - mfgr.'s ID and drive size.)  Click on the Partition tab in the Disk Utility main window.  Set the number of partitions to one (1) from the Partitions drop down menu, click on Options button and select GUID, click on OK, then set the format type to MacOS Extended (Journaled), then click on the Apply button.
   3. When the formatting has finished quit Disk Utility.  Proceed with the OS X installation and follow the directions included with the installer.
   4. If you are planning to sell or give your computer away, then do the following: After you reformat your hard drive and reinstall OS X, the computer restarts to a Welcome screen and asks you to choose a country or region. If you want to leave the Mac in an out-of-box state, don't continue with the setup of the system. Instead, press Command-Q to shut down the Mac. When the new owner turns on the Mac, the Setup Assistant will guide them through the setup process.

When Apple runs a recall on a product, it is usually because they got a bad batch of boards. They may not have figured out that those are bad.

Nothing else is going to cause that panic.

Perhaps it was something else, or they installed a bad logic board.

If that is how it appears, then you have not read what I have posted. I did read your post, btw. It was less than informative.

If none of the above prove helpful, then it may be a hardware error such as malfunctioning RAM or SSD. In this case, Make an appointment at the Apple Genius Bar for service. If you need to find an Apple Store - Find a Store - Apple. Also, see How to find your nearest Apple Authorized Service Provider (AASP) or Distributor (AAD).

"Your Apple-branded or Beats-branded hardware product (“Product”) is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of ONE (1) YEAR from the date of original retail purchase (“Warranty Period”) when used in accordance with Apple`s user manuals (refer to www.apple.com/support/country). Under this warranty, you will be able to direct your claims to Apple even in situations where you purchased the Apple Product from a third party.” [Apple One (1) Year Limited Warranty – Accessory - For Apple and Beats Branded Products Only.]