Hello woffordscott and welcome to Apple Support Communities.
I see you're having an issue with opening attachments to email messages.
First, you'll want to make sure you're updated to iOS 13.1.1
Update your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support
Using a .doc attachment as an example, opening in Pages is pretty simple. Just touch and hold the attachment and then choose the Share option. Under Share if you choose Save to Files and then immediately open the Pages app, you'll see the document you just saved at the top of the Recent screen view. Tapping that opens the file in Pages.
You can, of course, also just tap the attachment in Mail to see a preview of the document.
Cheers.