Hello all,
Same story, working on a MBP13" late 2013 under MacOS High Sierra with an external TB2 SSD and Catalina (beta and then official release), end of august all things turn wrong. Upgrading from beta3 to beta4, download ok and after reboot during upgrading processes I get a black screen with a beautiful question mark. Trying all possible to make my MBP booting, no way.
Then a call to Apple's support, same result. The kind guy really tried to find a solution but we have to admit that there's a hardware failure now on motherboard, likely EFI !
Later I could connect the external TB2 storage on another MBP and had a look on what occurs in "Updates" in Library folder. As usual during updates, the first stage is a firmware update followed by all other software updates, spread over several individual processes. Il could clearly see that on this Catalina partition, the firmware process was ended (process is suppressed from this folder when achieved) and machine tried to reboot the MBP13" 2013 to make pure MacOS software updates.. which were still present, but machine of course couldn't reboot as mentionned : EFI is corrupted.
Then I had a meeting with a 'genius' technical staff in my Apple-store, who looked on all possibilities to make the MBP booting. Nothing ok as expected. I tried to explain him in detail what happens, conditions and what conclusion we came with Apple's phone support.. He told me he knows better (personally I only have 40 years IT experience) : "Nothing to do with EFI and there's no way to flash and reinitialize the EFI. It must be a SSD or a motherboard failure..". My MBP was kept by Apple-store's technical hardware staff to examine the machine deeply and make a repair quotation. Kind people but inexpert..!
In the meantime I upgrade this external partition to final Catalina release on another MBP, thus avoiding same "upgrade bug", which also use another upgrade scheme now and all is working fine. It's an early Catlaina release, so bugs are still present.
Some days later I receive a message indicating diagnosis and related repair price. SSD is ok but motherboard must be changed. approx 550 €.
I've got my machine back without repair, convinced that I'll be obliged to switch my request to another level.. but who will admit this Apple failure ?
Perhaps also try to find a third-party partner who is able to flash the EFI.
NB : I'll avoid to speak more about Apple's service quality.. this story like others, about same subject, already tells what's clearly possible to conclude.