I FOUND A SOLUTION!
I've been running into the same issue ("update not available...blah blah blah") with my 2017 MacBook Pro. This morning I did a reinstallation of the latest version of macOS by restarting my computer. These are the instructions I followed: https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/reinstall-macos-mchlp1599/mac
Instructions:
"Install the latest version of macOS from the internet: Press and hold Option-Command-R until a spinning globe appears, then release the keys.
This option installs the latest version of macOS that is compatible with your computer."
Took about 30-40 minutes but Catalina is finally installed!