Disk Utility cannot fix this type of error. You will need to erase the disk, reformat it, then reinstall macOS.
Install El Capitan or Later from Scratch
If possible, back up your files.
- Restart the computer. Immediately, at or before the chime, hold down the Command and R keys until the Apple logo appears. When the Utility Menu appears:
- Select Disk Utility from the Utility Menu and click on the Continue button.
- When Disk Utility loads select the volume (indented entry, usually Macintosh HD) from the Device list.
- Click on the Erase button in Disk Utility's toolbar. A panel will drop down.
- Set the Format type to APFS (SSDs only) or Mac OS Extended (Journaled.)
- Click on the Apply button, then wait for the Done button to activate and click on it.
- Quit Disk Utility and return to the Utility Menu.
- Select Install OS X and click on the Continue button.
Upon a satisfactory completion you can restore your files from your backup, if you have one. Reinstall only compatible third-party software from original media or distributions. See App Compatibility Table - RoaringApps.
Personally, if you really don't have anything on the disk that requires disk encryption for protection, then don't encrypt the disk. It may prove more problematical, as you have just learned.