I have this problem with every file type in my Documents folder. It started when I migrated to a new iMac running 10.15.1. The files were originally transferred using Migration Assistant. I did not notice for a couple of days until I tried to access an older .pdf.
I followed the steps outlined above including the steps in the "Reset permissions" section on this page: Resolve issues caused by changing the permissions of items in your home folder. That actually gave me access to my files for exactly one day. The following day the issue reappeared and I could no longer access the files. So I Reset Permissions again, and the same result happened, access for one day, and the following, no access.
I tested the files stored on a clone of my HD and found they were able to be opened. So I deleted my existing user, created a brand new one, and copied the files from the clone to the new user account. This let me access my files for the remainder of the day, but today - no access.
Here is a partial ls -l of my Documents folder
Last login: Mon Nov 25 16:02:27 on console
rc@Deep-Thought ~ % cd /Users/rc/Documents
rc@Deep-Thought Documents % ls -l
total 1527544
-rw-r-----@ 1 rc staff 771324 Jun 25 18:21 25BrightestStars_Jittasaiyapan_1500.jpg
-rw-------@ 1 rc staff 79092 Aug 14 2018 ABSMarketing.pdf
drwx------ 10 rc staff 320 Oct 28 2018 Appartments
drwx------ 7 rc staff 224 Oct 23 2013 Arduino
drwx------ 9 rc staff 288 Oct 27 14:19 Beth
-rw-------@ 1 rc staff 766844640 Oct 20 10:36 Building an app.mp4
-rw-------@ 1 rc staff 95032 Dec 4 2017 CleanChoice.pdf
If anyone has any thoughts, I'd be glad to hear them.