To do this in Numbers, you will need to add a hidden calculation column for each column of data. In this column you would need to standardize your data. I would recommend expressing it as a percentage of the max. So the highest number would be 100%, and all others would be between 0% and 100%. From that, you could easily assign rules using conditional formatting. For example, if the number is between 90% and 100%, use colour X.
One problem I see though is you would be conditionally formatting the calculation columns, not the columns with your actual data. One workaround, less than ideal but the best I can come up with in the moment, would be to use a second table for your calculation columns, with the exact cell dimensions (height and width) as the main table, and place it behind the main table. In the main table, you would use black text and no fill. In the calculation table you would use custom conditional formatting, with text and fill being the same colour. Your calculation table would display colours according to the conditional formatting rules you set up, and your data table would show the values in black text which would appear to be the values of the formatted cells but which would in fact be an overlay using a second, transparent table