Now I did the thing all over to be extra thorough. I deleted FCP using App Cleaner so every little file was deleted, then I restarted and did a PRAM reset. The installed FCP again and opened the test library, let it render into the library and exited FCP.
As before the re-rendering started when I opened FCP again, BUT ONE THING was different. One single clip didn't need re-rendering.
This makes me believe it's not a bug within FCP that can happen to anyone, it's something that was introduced with one of the OS X Mojave updates during the last couple of months that makes FCP behave like this with my computer (MacBook Pro late 2013) and my hardware/software configuration - or anyone else who has a similar setup.
This problem started when I was on FCP 10.4.4 so it's nothing new in 10.4.7, it also worked as it was supposed to in 10.4.4 so that is why my guess is that the only thing that has changed is Mojave.
The above didn't solve the problem, but I wish Apple would investigate further. I did submit an report on their "product feedback" page but I think it's a long shot. At least the fact that FCP chose to not render a single clip would imply it's behaving somewhat erratic.