what to do after clicking by mistake on a phishing link on iPhone?

I mistakenly clicked on a phishing link sent in a phishing email on my iPhone. I have been directed to Safari which opened a strange website and then directed me fast to the apple homepage. I realized at that moment it is phishing link, then I closed the tap immediately, but i stayed connected to the internet over WiFi for a while before switching on the flight mode.

• what shall I do now?
• shall I consider it seriously and change all my credentials (email, bank, shopping,.... etc.) ?
• Is there any method to scan my iPhone and check if there is really malware on the system or not?
• if did a backup now to my iPhone data, then I made a factory reset to the iPhone, does it help to get rid of that malware, if it does exist? OR when I do backup now, the malware will also backed-up with my data as well?

your support is highly appreciated