Hi tourdepants,
Thank you for using the Apple Support Communities! I understand you received a phony support call which claimed to be Apple, and you have some additional concerns about this. I am happy to help.
It sounds like you did a great job identifying this call as phony. You can find out more information about phishing and phony support calls here: Avoid phishing emails, fake 'virus' alerts, phony support calls, and other scams - Apple Support, if this wasn't what you already read online. Always reach out to Apple Support using this link: Contact - Official Apple Support, to verify concerns related to your account.
Scammers are able to spoof phone numbers, which is what you experienced when seeing 'Apple' as the caller ID. This is out of Apple's control. Apple recommends reporting these calls to your local law enforcement agencies. In the US, you can report these calls to the Federal Trade Commission: - FTC Complaint Assistant.
Best regards.