I don't know if Mail forces you to set up an account before you can do the following steps, but yes, you can make Outlook the default email client. From Microsoft's site:
Set up your default email reader
Your default mail reader is what's used when you're browsing a web page and share it via email with a friend or colleague, or mail it to yourself for further reading. The Mac default is to use the Mail app, but you can change the default to Outlook.
- Open Finder > Applications.
- Select Mail.
- Select Mail > Preferences.
- On the General tab, in Default email reader, select Microsoft Outlook.