zmclearan is somewhat incorrect on all iOS app being iPadOS 13 only.
Many, MANY third party apps are STILL iOS 12 and greater!
Not just for iPadOS 13.
That stated, a 16 GBs iOS devices only has approx 14 GBs after formatting.
A full installation of iOS 12.4.5 for your iPad is going to take up anywhere between 6-7 GBs.
Also, any iOS device need to maintain an absolute minimum of 2-3 GBs of free internal data storage space to maintain acceptable performance and operation of the OS.
So this only leaves your iPad with 5-6 GBs of actual, usable data storage space, and that is it!
So, it maybe time, now, for you to seriously consider a new or discounted, refurbished iPad from Apple or other Apple authorised resellers or newer, larger capacity iPad capable of running the latest iPadOS.
Amazon right now has the 2019, 10.2 inch screen, WiFi ONLY, 32 GBs or 128 GBs storage, 7th gen iPad models for $249 U.S.D./$329 U.S.D., respectively.
A 32 GBs, 7th gen iPad with formatting and a full iPadOS installation would leave your iPad with approx. 19-20 GBs of usable data storage space.
A 128 GBs iPad will end up with a usable data storage space of 107-108 GBs.
The 7th gen iPad would be a huge step up in performance from your current 1st gen iPad Air 1.
Much faster processor, 3 GBs of internal RAM, better cameras, much better multitasking with iPadOS and support for tbe 1st generation Apple Pencil!
Best of Luck to You!