What does it mean in the map when sharing your location when the little dot under the head icon is blue? Also why is the shaded blue circle small? Does the amount of time that someone was there in that area have something to do with it?

Hello, T_A_3548.

Welcome to Apple Support Communities.

From what I understand is that you're concerned about the blue circle shown on your Apple Maps. I got you covered and this article explains what the circle is: About privacy and Location Services in iOS and iPadOS

"Apps that can show your location on the screen, including Maps, show your current (approximate) location using a blue marker. In Maps, if your location can’t be determined precisely, you’ll see a blue circle around the marker. The size of the circle shows how precisely your location can be determined—the smaller the circle, the greater the precision. When Location Services is active, a black or white arrow icon appears in the status bar". 

Let me know if you have any other questions.

Cheers!