I can no longer download apps on this phone with it asking me for a payment card

You may have a payment that is pending in iTunes Store.

You can check that here:

See your purchase history for the App Store or iTunes Store - Apple Support

If you have a charge that has not gone trough, you will not be able to update or download apps until it is payed.

More info:

If your payment method is declined in the App Store or iTunes Store - Apple Support

Good luck!

Or your payment card is expired or you did not add any method of payment, you can choose PayPal or any credit card to it. Go in your Apple ID account and add method of payment then you won’t have any issue!