Someone sent me a “Left a Message” With Apple ID link

I think it was a scam attempt. It's great that you did not click the link. For some information that may be helpful see below.

Increase/learn about security

See If you think your Apple ID has been compromised https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204145

Increase the Security of your Apple ID https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201303

iCloud security overview  https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT202303

Ways to keep your information safe on Mac https://support.apple.com/en-gb/guide/mac-help/mh11402/mac

Information on Phishing, etc.

 See If you see apple.com/bill, itunes.com/bill, or an unfamiliar charge on your statement https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201382

See Identify legitimate emails from the App Store or iTunes Store https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201679

See How to avoid scams when using Apple Pay to send and receive money https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT208226

For scam related information from Apple including reporting scams to Apple see Avoid phishing emails, fake 'virus' alerts, phony support calls, and other scams https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204759

It's phishing.

Recognize and avoid phishing messages, phony support calls, and other scams - Apple Support

Forward it as an attachment to reportphishing@apple.com 

I received 2 similar messages back to back. One was the same as yours and the second was "Yo, (my name), some said something nice about you on this app https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id... ." After "id" there were a bunch of numbers, letters, symbols at the end. Did not click on either link.

Like you, number is not a known spam number and is not anywhere close to where I live. Also, there was no link below the text to "Report Junk" like there usually is with unknown numbers. Very concerning and could not find any other posts about it aside from this one.

Edit: texts were from 2 different numbers, same first 6 digits.

Well yes... I assumed that immediately