Do you have enough free storage space on the drive? I forget how much room you need, but it may be as much as 50GB or more.
Have you tried installing from Internet Recovery Mode using Command + Option + R? Or maybe create a bootable macOS 10.15 Catalina USB installer?
Have you run Disk Utility First Aid on the drive to make sure there are no file system issues?
Does your laptop qualify for this free Apple SSD repair program?
https://support.apple.com/13-inch-macbook-pro-solid-state-drive-service
FYI here is a current list of all the publicly acknowledged free repair programs for various Apple products (some have multiple programs):
https://support.apple.com/exchange_repair