With more recent versions of macOS Disk Utility hides the physical drives from the default view. Within Disk Utility you need to click on "View" and select "Show All Devices" before the physical drives are seen in the left pane of Disk Utility.
Sometimes macOS & Disk Utility just get confused when it encounters an unexpected situation in the partition layout. In that case make sure all volumes are unmounted (but not ejected) and zero out the first part of the drive destroying the current partition layout. You do this using the "dd" command. This command is nicknamed data destroyer so make sure you use the proper disk identifier in the command in place of "diskN" in my example:
Unmount all volumes on "diskN" which you want to erase:
diskutil unmountDisk diskN
Zero out the first 1GB of the drive "diskN" to destroy the partition table (a little overkill):
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/diskN bs=10m count=100
Using the information in your post the commands would translate to:
diskutil unmountDisk disk1
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/disk1 bs=10m count=100
Note: If you booting into Recovery Mode, then you don't need to use "sudo" on these commands since you are already root. After zeroing out the beginning of the drive and destroying the partition table you should be able to use Disk Utility to erase the drive normally.
This all assumes the hard drive is healthy and not beginning to fail. Unfortunately macOS and the Apple Diagnostics do not do a very good job of assessing drive health. If you are booting from a full install of macOS, then you can check the health of the hard drive by running DriveDX which can identify many more types of early drive failures especially if a user can interpret the SMART attributes. Feel free to post the report here using the "Additional Text" icon which looks like a piece of paper.