Is the drive mountable?
Did you try Disk Utility.app>First Aid
Did you try a different cable connection?
A different port?
Did you try pulling the drive and putting it into a different enclosure?
it could simply be the controller, controller connection or the enclosure itself.
Try the "consumer grade" DataRescue5 https://www.prosofteng.com/mac-data-recovery/
or
Other professional data recovery service such as
Ontrack Data a Professional Data Recovery Service: https://www.ontrack.com/
Drive Savers https://drivesaversdatarecovery.com/
vendors provide free estimates and both are recommended by Apple.
Always work from a copy, you do not want to risk further damage the original files or drive.
Reconsider your backup plan ?
3-2-1 Backup Strategy: three copies of your data, two different methods, and one offsite.
Boot clone https://discussions.apple.com/docs/DOC-10081
How to use Time Machine to back up or restore your Mac: https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201250
Use DiskUtility Restore feature https://support.apple.com/guide/disk-utility/restore-a-disk-dskutl14062/mac
note: >System Preferences>Security & Privacy >Privacy>Full Disk Access
unlock the padlock, press the + button and add Disk Utility
.