Hello, mkatz.
Thank you for using Apple Support Communities.
From reading your post, you're having troubles getting your iPhone unlocked with the passcode after disabling VoiceOver. Having access to your iPhone is important. If you haven't done so already, restart your iPhone. Sometimes a restart can help resolve issues. If you can't restart it, then Force restart iPhone.
Try seeing if you can turn on VoiceOver and turn off using the physical button method: Turn on and practice VoiceOver on iPhone
"Turn VoiceOver on or off
Important: VoiceOver changes the gestures you use to control iPhone. When VoiceOver is on, you must use VoiceOver gestures to operate iPhone.
To turn VoiceOver on or off, use any of the following methods:
Just keep in mind that if you get the passcode incorrect too many times and your device becomes disabled, you'll have to follow the steps here: If you forgot the passcode on your iPhone, or your iPhone is disabled
Keep us updated.
Best regards.