RAW portrait photos rotate 90degrees anticlockwise when opened in Photo Library?

That happens regularly for me, but only for a small number of old photos, say from 10-15 years ago that were taken with a specific camera (Sony Cybershot F-717). I assume that some metadata related to camera orientations was not stored properly in Photos or was altered due to a bug in Photos.

I see no way to avoid this from occurring, although it seems that if I remove the old edits and then re-edit the photo, including setting the orientation correctly, then the correct orientation is remembered correctly thereafter.

I am also seeing this for some old photos. I noticed, that all of them had been edited (tagged) in an external editor, before importing to Aperture or Photos.

When I open open the original image file of such an old photo in GraphicConverter, I am usually getting a warning about two conflicting orientation tags. This suggests, that the embedded thumbnail has been created using a different orientation tag from the orientation tag used by Photos.

Which camera?

Although I have never used an external editor to edit any of my photos, all of my "old" photos were processed with either iPhoto or Aperture. Could that be the common thread?