It’s important to note that SMS is actually a very old technology that predates the creation of the internet. It uses a very small portion of unused bandwidth in the cellular telephone voice spectrum to transmit short messages. It has the advantage that it is ubiquitous over all cellular telephone networks, but it requires a cellular telephone (not necessarily a smart phone though as any cell phone can send or receive SMS texts).
All of the internet messaging services that came along much later were developed by independent companies as proprietary services. They have zero incentive to talk across services, and could not do so regardless since each company operates its own service using its own hardware and its own protocols. They want you to use their service, and thus their own apps.
The advantage of internet messaging is that they work on any internet connected device - smart phone, tablet, laptop, desktop, smart watch - doesn’t matter. They also work over any internet connection - ethernet, WiFi, cellular (MiFi) - again doesn’t matter.
The limitation of internet messaging is that everyone in a conversation must be using the same proprietary service and the apps to access that service. That’s why many people end up having multiple internet messaging accounts and apps - MS TEAMs or Skype, WhatsApp, FaceBook messenger, iMessage, Google Hangouts, Zoom, etc, etc.