How to backup phone with broken screen

Hi everyone!

I had water damage to my iPhone (iPhone XS Max) that caused the screen to stop working. I can still see the screen perfectly, but it's unable to recognize any of my touches. I got a new iPhone (iPhone 11 Pro Max) today and want to transfer everything from my old phone to the new one (mostly my over 9,000 photos and videos), but am unable to due to the broken screen.

I've tried seeing if I have a iCloud backup available and I don't. I remember disabling iCloud backup and iCloud Photos due to the constant notification about not enough storage. I tried plugging the old phone into my Macbook to do a backup via iTunes, but it won't let my Macbook access the iPhone (i.e. "Unlock iPhone to use accessories") until I unlock my phone with the passcode (which I can't do because the screen is broken).

Is there a way I can access my old phone's data or screen another way?

Thanks!