Have you tried a different cable (even though it shows up in system information)?
When you plug your phone into your MacBook, do you have your iPhone awake and on the home screen?
Does a pop up show on your phone asking you to trust the MacBook?
And you are looking in the right place in Finder? I just plugged mine in and it shows up under 'Locations' and it shows up as the name of my phone.
If you are still stuck, like Carl_Franz has suggested you may need to contact support. It is really late here and way beyond my bedtime!
Here is a link for support
Get Support