Not necessary the account recovery is to be done every time , if one remember the old trusted number ( say 1234.... ) that is inactive , the person can visit the cellular service give his identification proof and issue a sim on behalf of the same number and insert the sim https://support.apple.com/en-in/guide/iphone/iph3f11fba92/ios in new iPhone that is purchasedhttps://support.apple.com/en-in/guide/iphone/iph1fd7e482f/ios
The Apple ID and password is active so is the 2FA active on the iCloud server , once a new trusted number is added the code will start appearing on the new trusted number , and the person can access the account .
See the article https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204974
Once the account is activated with new number , delete the old trusted number from the account .
Add or remove an SMS number
- Go to your Apple ID account page and enter your Apple ID and password.
- In the Security section, click Edit.
- Click Add a Trusted Phone Number.
- To add a number, enter the phone number and verify it with a text.
- To remove a number, click next to the phone number you want to remove.