Hello jerad114,
Thanks for reaching out to the Apple Support Communities. We can see from your message that you're receiving an error message when connecting your iPhone to iTunes on your Windows computer. Checking to ensure that everything is up to date and reinstalling iTunes is a great first start.
You've done a nice job isolating the issue to only occurring with your iPhone. Be sure that you have restarted your iPhone while it's disconnected from your computer with these steps: Restart your iPhone
If the issue persists, follow the steps from this article, based on where you dowloaded iTunes from, the Microsoft Store or Apple: If your computer doesn't recognize your iPhone, iPad, or iPod - Apple Support.
All the best.