There is one weak link in the 2012 MBP 13: the hard drive cable. It suffers a circuitous routing over some sharp metal edges on the chassis and, with the vibration of normal use and transport, can begin to chafe after 3-5 years and cause intermittent shorts and/or data drops. A long boot time suggests the drive cable.
The good news is that the cable is available, cheap (about US$15), and can be installed at home in about 30 minutes by a computer novice. We recently helped a person with that model who had similar symptoms and changing the cable fixed it.
If you want speed close to newer Macs, change the hard drive to a solid-state drive (SSD). I have the same model and, with the original rotational, was a downright pain to use. After I installed the SSD, the computer feels new and I enjoy using it very much now.