Your table is a single object, like this shape: 
The object is taller than the sheet of paper on which it is being printer, and (in the case of the spreadsheet ) has places (row boundaries) where it can be split when the current page does not provide sufficient room to accommodate the whole table.
Horizontally, though, there is no lack of space to accommodate thewidth of the object, and from Pages' perspective, no reason to split the object,
IF this were text, not contained in the cells of a table, you could set the layout of the pages to four columns and let the text flow into those columns.
BUT that is a text layout format, and presumes starting with a single column of linear text, not two columns of structured text in a table.
One process that might work to fit the task, but that is relativily labour intensive:
Press command P to open Print Setup.
Press command-P again to open the print dialogue,
Click the PDF button at bottom left of the Print Dialogue, and choose Open in Preview.
In Preview, copy each page using either control-click and copy image or taking a screen shot of the table part only, then Paste that image onto a new Pages document, and resize to fit as many as desired on each Pages page.*
Print the Pages document.
*You may find it useful to create a custon 'half-legal' page size for your printer to place the original table into while avoiding the empty space to the right of the table in the PDF image produced by the printer's PDF option.
Regards,
Barry