You have lost the trusted device / damaged ... that was added in 2FA .
Not necessary the account recovery is to be done every time , if one remember the old trusted number ( say 1234.... ) that is inactive , the person can visit the cellular service give his identification proof and issue a sim on behalf of the same number and insert the sim https://support.apple.com/en-in/guide/iphone/iph3f11fba92/ios in new iPhone that is purchased https://support.apple.com/en-in/guide/iphone/iph1fd7e482f/ios
The Apple ID and password is active so is the 2FA active on the iCloud server , once a new trusted number is added the code will start appearing on the new trusted number , and the person can access the account .
See the article https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204974https://support.apple.com/en-in/guide/mac-help/mchlf24d4e49/1
Now , come to Mac and set up https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT205749
https://support.apple.com/guide/macbook-pro-16-inch/set-up-apd831707cb3/2019/mac/10.15.1
and set up iCloud https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT208682
https://support.apple.com/en-in/guide/mac-help/mchlcfdfc3a5/mac
Note : the new trusted number is updated in the previous steps in the iCloud account see the articles https://support.apple.com/en-in/HT204915
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204974
