I also have a 2012 MacBook Pro that has zero issues with its USB ports, so this is not a universal condition. Neither have I seen a similar concern posted here about the 2012 models. 2012 was the first year that MacBook Pros had fast USB3 ports.
My experience:
- If I use as USB 3 device and cable. everything is fast.
- If I use an older USB2 thumb drive or other USB2 devices, it is predictably slow
- If I use a USB3 device BUT connect it to the MacBook Pro with a USB2 cable, slow comes back. That one sneaked up on my one day. A proper USB3 cable fixed that.
As both my main Macs now have USB3 ports I am slowly shedding older USB1 and USB2 device and replacing them with USB3.
I humbly beg your pardon if this is something you already know but:
Speeds: USB 2 has a max transfer rate of 480MB/sec; USB 3 is 5000MB/sec
Cables: USB 3 Cables have blue plastic inside, or are different shapes.