Hello George Tsepeltzidis,
Thank you for using Apple Support Communities!
We understand from your post that your iPhone 12 Pro Max gets warm when it is charging and you would also like to know what it means that it gets to 80% charging and then starts charging again. This article will provide you with information on the acceptable temperatures for your iPhone:
Keeping iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch within acceptable operating temperatures - Apple Support
This article has information about how the battery in your iPhone charges which you may find helpful:
Batteries - Why Lithium-ion? - Apple
"Your Apple lithium-ion battery uses fast charging to quickly reach 80% of its capacity, then switches to slower trickle charging. The amount of time it takes to reach that first 80% will vary depending on your settings and which device you’re charging. Software may limit charging above 80% when the recommended battery temperatures are exceeded. This combined process not only lets you get out and about sooner, it also extends the lifespan of your battery."
Best Regards.