I was able to resolve this on macOS Big Sur by going into:
- System Preferences (grey gear icon) >
- Security & Privacy (grey home icon, probably on the right.) >
- Privacy (probably rightmost tab) >
- Screen Recording (scroll left column down to red/orange icon) >
- unlock (gold padlock, lower left) >
- unchecked Google Chrome >
- allowed it to restart Chrome when the prompt popped up
To prevent problems in the future, when I do actually want to do a video chat or whatever, I then rechecked Google Chrome and allowed it to restart again.
[Note that you can also search for "Privacy" with the search field in the upper right of the system preferences window to get to that privacy tab but you cannot simply search "Screen Recording"]