You do not have another disk to point Time Machine at, well you should if you are going to use Time Machine
or another backup regime.
There is no point to having Time Machine backup to the disk you are running your OS on.
The whole point of Time Machine is that should your mac internal drive fail then you
have a backup on another disk you can use to restore your mac to when you install a new disk.
If you have Time Machine backups on the same disk as your internal disk then when the disk fails you lose your
OS and your files and the backups you were hoping would rescue you.
As I said look for the Backups.backupdb folder and start deleting the contents of the folder,
this may take some time as there are hundreds of thousands of files in there, do one backup
at a time. you must be an administrator to do this.
When you have deleted the contents of the Backups.backupd folder then try deleting the
Backups.backupdb folder.
Only when you get rid of that folder will you be able to upgrade to macOS Mojave on your internal disk.