This issue is not resolved. Verizon does not understand the root cause of the problem, but is working to resolve.
The issue does not appear with every SMS number, only a subset of them.
This is the full list of steps taken to debug so far:
- Enabled send as SMS
- Reboot
- Reset network settings
- Reset network settings with the SIM card removed
- Force the phone into LTE mode to see if Verizon's 5G network is the problem
- Text a number known to have issues (with the iPhone 12 pro) using an iPhone 10 (also on Verizon) successfully
Here is excerpt from the Verizon support session acknowledging there is a known problem:
There is a known alert for customers with iPhone 12, iPhone 12 Mini, iPhone 12 Pro, or iPhone 12 Pro Max that may be unable to consistently send SMS/MMS to users with non-iOS devices. This is currently under investigation.
Note: Apple does not appear to be aware of this issue based on support session with them before calling Verizon.