MacBook air shuts down abruptly while using directly with a charger, is it because I am not using battery backup?

bought a MacBook air in 2018. After a few months, the battery stopped working and I started using it directly with a charger without any battery backup. Sometime later the device started to shut down randomly even when plugged in and especially when using software like Photoshop.

I am anyway planning to replace the battery but before that, I wanted to make sure is this shutdown issue related to battery or something else?

Did anyone face the same issue before?

Thanks!