It might be that the controls work differently than you are used to in photoshop. To bring up shadows, or down higlights, I use the shadow or highlight tools.
See the blocked out shadows in the trees mid left in my shot above. This is what the shadow tool brings out...

I can't get anywhere near that with the shot taken at the same time without raw.
Try some side by side comparisons with raw/non raw - I'm sure you'll see a diference in the exposure latitude you can get. It might not be as good as you get if you are used to raw from an SLR though. We are still talking about a phone camera sensor here.