only if you have a backup that contains your content..
Locate backups of your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch - Apple Support
Restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch from a backup - Apple Support
If you were syncing messages in iCloud, your messages would not be contained in your iPhone backup.
If there are messages stored in your iCloud, you should be able to see something in the bar graph when going to www.icloud.com, signing into your account and looking at Account Settings. Should be the green portion of the graph.
If they are there.. to recover them, you'd simply turn that back on in Settings > [your name] > iCloud turn on the switch for messages.
More or less the same thing for Photos. If you were using iCloud photos, an iPhone backup would not contain them. You can check to see if your photos are stored in iCloud by checking the Photos app in iCloud. If they are there, should just be able to turn on iCloud Photos on the phone. Settings > [your name] > iCloud > Photos, turn on the switch for iCloud Photos.
If you're missing photos or videos in the Photos app - Apple Support
Again for Notes.. If you were using iCloud notes and syncing them with iCloud, I don't believe those would be in an iPhone backup either, you could try turning on the switch for Notes in the same area mentioned above.
For Notes other than iCloud, you can try what's in this link
If you're missing notes on your iPhone, iPad or iPod touch – Apple Support
