AppleCare+ is available internationally for Macs. So, what you've quoted would apply to a Mac repair.
Apple States in their warranty document:
IMPORTANT RESTRICTION FOR iPHONE, iPAD, APPLE TV and HOMEPOD SERVICE.
Apple may restrict warranty service for iPhone, iPad, Apple TV and HomePod to the country where Apple or its Authorized Distributors originally sold the device.
So, is it possible that, if it's a small thing that doesn't require replacing the phone that an Apple Store in another country might help you out? Yes. Are they obligated to do so? No.