you can't,
the carrier can, they can triangular locate it from the IMEI it's not something they do without the police having a warrant and a somewhat costly affair much higher than the cost of the phone itself, it's used for finding missing persons.
the only thing you can do is If your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch is lost or stolen - Apple Support
and in some countries when one report the phone stolen with the local law enforcements they have all carriers in the country block the IMEI so the phone can't be used, in other countries one has to get ones carrier to block it oneself.