The apple id is not signed in Mac system preferences , click on start using iCloud .

You have to follow the upcoming steps Sign in with your Apple ID - Apple Support
Also your Apple ID account is set up with secondary authentication account , in which three answers for security questions , date of birth , rescue mail address and its password is added .
In your case no rescue mail address and password is added in the account .
The rescue mail address is always added in the Apple ID account , sign in with Apple ID account , if it is not yet added create a web mail account say with gmail service https://support.google.com/mail/answer/56256
Make sure this mail address and password should be totally different than your Apple ID address / password see the section of rescue mail address in this article https://support.apple.com/en-in/HT201356 in the same Mac open a new tab ( press command and T keys ) sign in with your gmail account here in the web mail account you will see this code , come to the old tab in which apple id account is already opened , fill up the code in the fields and click on done to save .
At present complete the secondary authentication account credentials , to sign with appleid.apple.com you need three answers for security questions , the rescue mail address and password can be also added from appleid.apple.com ---you can first follow this step then follow the above method as you might be confused , right now don't click on turn on two factor authentication .
By the way in Mac system preferences > internet accounts have you deleted iCloud account .