Two-Factor Verification

Shattered my phone. Recieved new phone through insurance. I have never had a problem til the phone broke. They kept trying to send a verification code to a phone that docent work. Ive done some research and can't find anything on topic. Im running a iPhone XS. So, what I understand is that there is no way to turn off this setting? Correct? it never ver gets used and bothers me. Lets face it, I don't work for the CIA and Im not dumb enough to leave my passwords all over online. Is there a way to bypass this?

Thank you for the help