Is there a way to retrieve deleted text messages?

If you have an iCloud Backup from the time when the messages were on your phone, then this is an option. If not, then unfortunately they can not be restored.

You can read here how to restore from an iCloud Backup:

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204184#icloud

If you are using iCloud Syncing for Messages, once you delete a message it's gone from all your connected devices. It's also not part of any backup.

Use Messages in iCloud - Apple Support