Follow the steps in the support document you posted from to see all the charges on your Apple account.
Apps may have recurring subscriptions which get activated when you download the App. Once activated the App does not have to be installed on a device for the subscription to remain active and charge you.
If the App is on your account as having been downloaded, then it likely activated a recurring subscription that was never canceled when the App was deleted from whatever device it was downloaded to.
You can follow the steps in this support document to find and cancel any active subscriptions on your Apple account: link-> How to cancel a subscription from Apple - Apple Support
Do note, that any subscriptions started from an Apple Device through an App, would not specify the name of the App on your Payment Method's statement, it would just stay Apple.com/bill or iTunes.com/bill. If you see the name of the App in your statement it means the subscription was acquired outside of Apple's billing platform. Possibly through the app's website, or a device from a different manufacturer. You would only find the subscription and be able to cancel it from the same place it was activated.